攤鋪機(jī)

　　paver

　　攤鋪機(jī)是一種主要用于高速公路上基層和面層各種材料攤鋪?zhàn)鳂I(yè)的施工設(shè)備。是由各種不同的系統(tǒng)相互配合完成攤鋪工作的，主要包含行走系統(tǒng)、液壓系統(tǒng)、輸分料系統(tǒng)等等。

　　A paver is a construction equipment mainly used for laying various materials on the base and surface layers of highways. The paving work is completed by various different systems working together, mainly including the walking system, hydraulic system, material distribution system, and so on.

　　攤鋪機(jī)的起源

　　The origin of pavers

　　發(fā)展歷程

　　Development History

　　1929年：美國Barber-Greene公司制造出世界上第一臺機(jī)械式攤鋪機(jī)，采用刮板和螺旋分料器設(shè)計(jì)，奠定了現(xiàn)代攤鋪機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)。

　　In 1929, Barber Greene Company in the United States manufactured the world's first mechanical paver, which adopted a scraper and spiral distributor design, laying the foundation for modern pavers.

　　1950年代：液壓技術(shù)應(yīng)用于攤鋪機(jī)，實(shí)現(xiàn)熨平板的自動(dòng)升降和振動(dòng)功能，大幅提升鋪設(shè)質(zhì)量。

　　In the 1950s, hydraulic technology was applied to pavers to achieve automatic lifting and vibration functions of the ironing board, greatly improving the quality of paving.

　　1970年代：電子控制系統(tǒng)引入，實(shí)現(xiàn)攤鋪厚度自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)，精度達(dá)到±3mm。

　　In the 1970s, electronic control systems were introduced to achieve automatic adjustment of paving thickness with an accuracy of ± 3mm.

　　1990年代：德國福格勒公司推出高密實(shí)度攤鋪機(jī)，實(shí)現(xiàn)高達(dá)98%的壓實(shí)度。

　　In the 1990s, the German company Vogler introduced a high-density paver, achieving a compaction degree of up to 98%.

　　21世紀(jì)：3D自動(dòng)找平系統(tǒng)和遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控技術(shù)成為高端攤鋪機(jī)標(biāo)配，攤鋪精度進(jìn)入毫米時(shí)代。

　　21st century: 3D automatic leveling system and remote monitoring technology have become standard equipment for high-end paving machines, and paving accuracy has entered the millimeter era.

　　攤鋪機(jī)的類型

　　Types of pavers

　　01按行走結(jié)構(gòu)

　　01 According to the walking structure

　　攤鋪機(jī)分為履帶式和輪胎式兩種。

　　Pavers are divided into two types: track type and tire type.

　　履帶式攤鋪機(jī)接地比壓小，附著力大，攤鋪?zhàn)鳂I(yè)時(shí)很少出現(xiàn)履帶打滑現(xiàn)象，牽引力大，能抵抗料車的撞擊，運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)，制動(dòng)可靠。但是機(jī)動(dòng)性差，行走速度低，轉(zhuǎn)移場地不方便。履帶式攤鋪機(jī)多為大中型攤鋪機(jī)和穩(wěn)定土攤鋪機(jī)，用于大型公路工程的施工。

　　The ground contact ratio of the crawler paver is small, the adhesion is strong, and there is rarely any slippage of the track during paving operations. The traction force is strong, and it can resist the impact of the material truck, running smoothly and braking reliably. But the mobility is poor, the walking speed is low, and it is inconvenient to transfer the site. Crawler pavers are mostly large and medium-sized pavers and stabilized soil pavers, used for the construction of large-scale highway projects.

　　輪胎式攤鋪機(jī)行走速度較高，轉(zhuǎn)移運(yùn)行速度快，機(jī)動(dòng)性能好。但是附著力較小，攤鋪?zhàn)鳂I(yè)時(shí)易出現(xiàn)輪胎打滑現(xiàn)象。輪胎式攤鋪機(jī)多為中小型攤鋪機(jī)，主要用于道路修筑與養(yǎng)護(hù)作業(yè)。

　　The tire paver has a high walking speed, fast transfer operation speed, and good maneuverability. However, the adhesion is small, and tire slippage is prone to occur during paving operations. Tire pavers are mostly small and medium-sized pavers, mainly used for road construction and maintenance operations.

　　02按行走方式

　　02 According to walking mode

　　攤鋪機(jī)分為自行式和拖式兩種。

　　Pavers are divided into two types: self-propelled and towed.

　　自行式攤鋪機(jī)有自身的行走傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，整機(jī)性能好，攤鋪質(zhì)量好，適用于各種等級公路施工，是應(yīng)用最廣泛的攤鋪機(jī)。

　　The self-propelled paver has its own walking transmission system, good overall performance, and good paving quality. It is suitable for construction on various levels of highways and is the most widely used paver.

　　拖式攤鋪機(jī)工作時(shí)靠其他車輛牽引進(jìn)行攤鋪?zhàn)鳂I(yè)。它的結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，功能低，攤鋪質(zhì)量差，僅用于低等級公路施工或養(yǎng)護(hù)作業(yè)，二十世紀(jì)八十年代初我國已不再使用這種攤鋪機(jī)。

　　The trailer paver relies on other vehicles to tow and carry out paving operations during operation. Its structure is simple, its function is low, and the paving quality is poor. It is only used for the construction or maintenance of low-grade highways. In the early 1980s, China no longer used this type of paving machine.

　　03按傳動(dòng)方式

　　03 According to the transmission mode

　　攤鋪機(jī)分為機(jī)械式和液壓式兩種。

　　Pavers are divided into two types: mechanical and hydraulic.

　　機(jī)械式攤鋪機(jī)的行走系統(tǒng)、刮板輸料系統(tǒng)和螺旋輸料系統(tǒng)都是采用機(jī)械傳動(dòng)方式。這種攤鋪機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，成本低，攤鋪質(zhì)量較差，僅為中小型。

　　The walking system, scraper conveying system, and spiral conveying system of a mechanical paver all use mechanical transmission. This type of paver has a simple structure, low cost, poor paving quality, and is only suitable for small and medium-sized applications.

　　液壓式攤鋪機(jī)的行走系統(tǒng)、刮板輸料系統(tǒng)、螺旋輸料系統(tǒng)、振搗系統(tǒng)、振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)等等所有傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)都是采用液壓傳動(dòng)方式，僅分動(dòng)箱、減速器等為輔助機(jī)械傳動(dòng)。液壓式攤鋪機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，能大幅度減速，大范圍無級變速，運(yùn)動(dòng)平穩(wěn)，機(jī)電液一體化，自動(dòng)控制，操作省力，是應(yīng)用最廣泛的攤鋪機(jī)，適用于各種等級公路施工。04按功能

　　The walking system, scraper feeding system, spiral feeding system, vibration system, vibration system, and all other transmission systems of hydraulic pavers use hydraulic transmission, with only the transfer case, reducer, and other auxiliary mechanical transmission. The hydraulic paver has a simple structure, can significantly reduce speed, has a wide range of continuously variable speeds, operates smoothly, integrates mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic systems, has automatic control, and is easy to operate. It is the most widely used paver and suitable for construction on various levels of highways. 04 By Function

　　攤鋪機(jī)分為瀝青混合料攤鋪機(jī)、穩(wěn)定土攤鋪機(jī)、多功能攤鋪機(jī)、雙層攤鋪機(jī)和薄層攤鋪機(jī)五種。

　　There are five types of pavers: asphalt mixture pavers, stabilized soil pavers, multifunctional pavers, double-layer pavers, and thin-layer pavers.

　　瀝青混合料攤鋪機(jī)攤鋪的物料是各種瀝青混合料。

　　The materials spread by the asphalt mixture paver are various types of asphalt mixtures.

　　穩(wěn)定土攤鋪機(jī)攤鋪的物料是各種穩(wěn)定土，攤鋪厚度大，生產(chǎn)率高。

　　The material spread by the stabilized soil paver is various stabilized soils, with a large spreading thickness and high productivity.

　　如果既能攤鋪瀝青混合料，又能攤鋪穩(wěn)定土，就是多功能攤鋪機(jī)。

　　If it can spread both asphalt mixture and stable soil, it is a multifunctional paver.

　　雙層攤鋪機(jī)能同步攤鋪瀝青面層和下層。

　　The double-layer paving machine can simultaneously pave the asphalt surface layer and the lower layer.

　　05按熨平裝置延伸方式

　　05 Extension method of ironing device

　　攤鋪機(jī)分為機(jī)械加寬式和液壓伸縮式兩種。機(jī)械加寬式攤鋪機(jī)的熨平板是按攤鋪寬度要求，用螺栓將各種固定寬度的熨平板組裝而成。

　　Pavers are divided into two types: mechanical widening and hydraulic telescopic. The ironing board of the mechanical widening paver is assembled by bolts according to the requirements of the paving width, using various fixed width ironing boards.

　　操作規(guī)范

　　Operating Specifications

　　一、攤鋪機(jī)操作人員必須經(jīng)過專業(yè)培訓(xùn)，了解機(jī)械性能、構(gòu)造，掌握保養(yǎng)知識，熟練地掌握本機(jī)性能及操作要領(lǐng)和安全事項(xiàng)，并經(jīng)有關(guān)部門確認(rèn)合格后，方可單獨(dú)操作。

　　1、 The operator of the paver must undergo professional training, understand the mechanical performance and structure, master maintenance knowledge, proficiently master the performance, operation essentials, and safety precautions of the machine, and be confirmed qualified by relevant departments before operating it independently.

　　二、起動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前必須檢查：油(機(jī)油、燃油、工作油、潤滑油)量是否足，風(fēng)扇上皮帶松緊度，有無漏油及其部件松動(dòng)現(xiàn)象。檢查當(dāng)天工作所需的各種配件、附件、工具等是否齊備。

　　2、 Before starting the engine, it is necessary to check whether the amount of oil (engine oil, fuel, working oil, lubricating oil) is sufficient, the tightness of the belt on the fan, whether there is oil leakage and whether the components are loose. Check if all necessary accessories, attachments, tools, etc. for the day's work are complete.

　　三、起動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后，怠速運(yùn)行至少兩分種后檢查各監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)指示是否正常。

　　3、 After starting the engine, run it at idle for at least two minutes and then check whether the indicators of each monitoring system are normal.

　　四、運(yùn)料車輛倒料必須有人指揮，準(zhǔn)確將料卸入機(jī)器料斗內(nèi)。

　　4、 The material transport vehicle must be directed by someone to accurately unload the material into the machine hopper.

　　五、攤鋪機(jī)工作前須和左右調(diào)平人員取得聯(lián)系，確保其他人員不在作業(yè)內(nèi)，方可作業(yè)。

　　5、 Before the paver starts working, it is necessary to contact the leveling personnel on both sides to ensure that other personnel are not inside the operation before starting the work.

　　六、在作業(yè)檔向行車走檔轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)，必須在小油門，機(jī)器完全停穩(wěn)后，各工作部件停止工作情況下進(jìn)行。

　　6、 When shifting from work mode to driving mode, it must be done with a small throttle, the machine has come to a complete stop, and all working components have stopped working.

　　七、操作人員嚴(yán)禁酒后操作，操作設(shè)備時(shí)必須穿戴整齊，不得穿拖鞋，不得有吸煙、飲食等其他有礙安全作業(yè)行為。

　　7、 Operators are strictly prohibited from operating under the influence of alcohol. When operating equipment, they must wear neat clothing and must not wear slippers. Smoking, eating, or other behaviors that may affect safety are also prohibited.

　　八、攤鋪機(jī)在工作后，所有防護(hù)裝置必須安裝在指定位置上。

　　8、 After the paver is in operation, all protective devices must be installed in designated positions.

　　九、操作室(臺)必須保持清潔，及時(shí)清理油污等污物，不得亂放工具等其他物品。

　　9、 The operating room (platform) must be kept clean, promptly cleaned of oil stains and other pollutants, and tools and other items must not be placed randomly.

　　十、司機(jī)離開操作臺前，必須將操作機(jī)構(gòu)全部置于“0”位上。

　　10、 The driver must place all operating mechanisms in the "0" position before leaving the control station.

　　十一、對于液壓自動(dòng)加寬攤鋪機(jī)加寬時(shí)，必須注意和觀察附近情況，以免傷人和損壞設(shè)備。

　　11、 When widening a hydraulic automatic widening paver, it is necessary to pay attention to and observe the surrounding conditions to avoid injury and damage to the equipment.

　　十二、當(dāng)攤鋪在使用液化氣罐加熱時(shí)，在熄火或失火等情況，必須將罐閥關(guān)閉。當(dāng)環(huán)境溫度高于200C或太陽直曬車氣罐時(shí)使用氣罐加熱，氣罐必須加以遮蓋。

　　12、 When using liquefied gas tanks for heating during paving, the tank valve must be closed in case of flameout or fire. When the ambient temperature is above 200C or the car's gas tank is directly exposed to sunlight, the gas tank must be covered for heating.

　　十三、攤鋪結(jié)束后，清洗材料輸送、搗實(shí)裝置、停機(jī)時(shí)必須把熨平板放置在墊木上，機(jī)器停放下不得妨礙交通，且應(yīng)放置警示牌。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)怠帶運(yùn)行5分鐘再熄火，然后切斷電源，鎖上儀表盤。

　　13、 After the paving is completed, the material conveying and compacting device must be cleaned. When stopping the machine, the ironing board must be placed on the wooden pad. The machine must not obstruct traffic when parked, and warning signs should be placed. Run the engine idle for 5 minutes before turning off, then cut off the power and lock the dashboard.

　　十四、設(shè)備保養(yǎng)必須按照說明書中的要求進(jìn)行。

　　14、 Equipment maintenance must be carried out in accordance with the requirements stated in the manual.

　　十五、設(shè)備維修保養(yǎng)時(shí)，必須：(一)料斗、熨平板固定牢靠。(二)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熄火。(三)維修液壓系統(tǒng)時(shí)，必須釋放液壓系統(tǒng)的余壓。

　　15、 When repairing and maintaining equipment, it is necessary to: (1) fix the hopper and ironing board firmly. （2） Engine stalls. （3） When repairing the hydraulic system, it is necessary to release the residual pressure of the hydraulic system.

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